Kaohsiung Cross Harbour Tunnel
HEIGHT: 9.35 m
WIDTH: 24.4 m
TOTAL IMMERSED LENGTH: 720 m
DEPTH AT BOTTOM OF STRUCTURE: 23 m
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS: Designed to take loads of a sunken ship or earthquake, including consideration of liquefaction of the silty sands beneath the tunnel, differential settlements, and frictional restraint of movement caused by temperature, shrinkage, and creep
FABRICATION METHOD: Casting basin constructed near the site. All elements cast in a single cycle. Element cast in six sections of 20 m each
WIDTH: 24.4 m
TOTAL IMMERSED LENGTH: 720 m
DEPTH AT BOTTOM OF STRUCTURE: 23 m
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS: Designed to take loads of a sunken ship or earthquake, including consideration of liquefaction of the silty sands beneath the tunnel, differential settlements, and frictional restraint of movement caused by temperature, shrinkage, and creep
FABRICATION METHOD: Casting basin constructed near the site. All elements cast in a single cycle. Element cast in six sections of 20 m each
Kaohsiung,
Taiwan, Province of China
Kaohsiung Harbor Bureau
Retired Serviceman Engineering Agency (RSEA) and Kumagai Gumi for constructions, Kampsax - Per Hall Ltd acted as specialist consultants
Retired Serviceman Engineering Agency (RSEA) and Kumagai Gumi for constructions, Kampsax - Per Hall Ltd acted as specialist consultants
120m
720m
23m
Project construction
1984-04-30
6
Two tubes; two lanes each. Each tube is also provided with 2.6 m wide motorcycle way
9.35m
24.4m
Longitudinal post-tensioning was used for the immersed elements. The roof of two
elements had vertical curve.
elements had vertical curve.
Casting basin constructed near the site. All elements cast
in a single cycle. Element cast in six sections of 20 m
each
in a single cycle. Element cast in six sections of 20 m
each
Designed to take loads of a sunken ship or earthquake, including consideration of
liquefaction of the silty sands beneath the tunnel, differential settlements, and frictional
restraint of movement caused by temperature, shrinkage, and creep
liquefaction of the silty sands beneath the tunnel, differential settlements, and frictional
restraint of movement caused by temperature, shrinkage, and creep
Transverse barges with alignment and control towers were used.
Gina/Omega type. Tension ties were provided across the
joints for earthquake loads.
joints for earthquake loads.
Two-ply bituminous membrane system was applied for the sides at top. Steel plate was
used for bottom and collars. Waterproofing was protected with concrete. Element was
cast in six segments of 20 m. each.
used for bottom and collars. Waterproofing was protected with concrete. Element was
cast in six segments of 20 m. each.
Sand-flow method, using pipes previously cast in the bottom of the tunnel elements;
accessible from the outside. 5% of cement clinker was mixed with sand to prevent
liquefaction of foundation during earthquake.
accessible from the outside. 5% of cement clinker was mixed with sand to prevent
liquefaction of foundation during earthquake.
Reinforced