Hollandsch Diep Service Tunnel
HEIGHT: 4.65 m OD (4.0 m ID)
WIDTH: (circular)
DEPTH AT BOTTOM OF STRUCTURE: 15.7 m
TOTAL IMMERSED LENGTH: 1,627 m
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS:
Busy shipping channel
FABRICATION METHOD:
Vertical casting. Assembly of all elements in a single
dewatered basin. Match casting was not used. Instead a
joint of 1-5 cm was made using interior and exterior
forms and rubber packers in the cable ducts. These
joints were injected with epoxy resin. The elements were
then post-tensioned. Ballast concrete was added in bottom.
WIDTH: (circular)
DEPTH AT BOTTOM OF STRUCTURE: 15.7 m
TOTAL IMMERSED LENGTH: 1,627 m
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS:
Busy shipping channel
FABRICATION METHOD:
Vertical casting. Assembly of all elements in a single
dewatered basin. Match casting was not used. Instead a
joint of 1-5 cm was made using interior and exterior
forms and rubber packers in the cable ducts. These
joints were injected with epoxy resin. The elements were
then post-tensioned. Ballast concrete was added in bottom.
Strijen,
Netherlands
Rijkswaterstaat
Koninlijke Nederhorst Bouw B.V., Dirk Verstoep Nederland B.V.
Rijkswaterstaat
60m
1627m
15.7m
Project construction
1973-04-30
27
One tube
4.65m
circular
10 vertically cast 6 m long cylindrical segments form 60 m long elements. Tunnel
terminates at both ends in pier structures 8 x 30 m and 8 x 45 m to provide room for
expansion and contraction and to serve as transitions to the land connections. Pipelines
were installed after the tunnel was in place. Gradient was limited to 7.5% for
installation of pipelines. Pipe size could be as much as 0.60 m (24").
terminates at both ends in pier structures 8 x 30 m and 8 x 45 m to provide room for
expansion and contraction and to serve as transitions to the land connections. Pipelines
were installed after the tunnel was in place. Gradient was limited to 7.5% for
installation of pipelines. Pipe size could be as much as 0.60 m (24").
Vertical casting. Assembly of all elements in a single
dewatered basin. Match casting was not used. Instead a
joint of 1-5 cm was made using interior and exterior
forms and rubber packers in the cable ducts. These
joints were injected with epoxy resin. The elements were
then post-tensioned. Ballast concrete was added in bottom.
dewatered basin. Match casting was not used. Instead a
joint of 1-5 cm was made using interior and exterior
forms and rubber packers in the cable ducts. These
joints were injected with epoxy resin. The elements were
then post-tensioned. Ballast concrete was added in bottom.
Dished steel bulkheads
with watertight manholes
were installed. 0.5 Bar
pressure test was made.
Leaks were sealed by injection.
with watertight manholes
were installed. 0.5 Bar
pressure test was made.
Leaks were sealed by injection.
Busy shipping channel
Transport to site was by catamaran barge. Placement was made from two accurately
positioned spudded barges. Inboard end rested on cantilever beams and outboard end
on adjustable jacks.
positioned spudded barges. Inboard end rested on cantilever beams and outboard end
on adjustable jacks.
Gina and Omega joint
protected with flexible internal
steel closure plate.
protected with flexible internal
steel closure plate.
High density concrete 0.325 m thick was adequate. No external waterproofing membrane
was used. Pressure test prior to flotation also added to security against leakage.
was used. Pressure test prior to flotation also added to security against leakage.
A jetted sand foundation was installed. The first stage was up to about a meter above
the bottom of the tunnel. Then the jacks were removed. Sand jetting continued to the
i top of the tunnel after which hopper barges completed the cover.
the bottom of the tunnel. Then the jacks were removed. Sand jetting continued to the
i top of the tunnel after which hopper barges completed the cover.
Approximately 2 m of ordinary backfill