Cross Harbour Tunnel
TOTAL IMMERSED LENGTH: 1,600 m
DEPTH AT BOTTOM OF STRUCTURE: 28 m
HEIGHT: 11.0 m
WIDTH: 22.16 m
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS: Potential for typhoon conditions dictated heavy cover protection. Possibility of out-ofcontrol ships dragging anchor over tunnel or even sinking. Provision made for 1000 PSF allowed for this loading of sunken ship.
FABRICATION METHOD: Shipyard in Hong Kong. Plates curved by rolls were fabricated into cans measuring 10.36 m dia by 3.5 m long. Five cans were placed on a manipulator to allow them to be welded together automatically. The cans were, in turn, welded together to form each element. Controlled sidelaunch was used.
DEPTH AT BOTTOM OF STRUCTURE: 28 m
HEIGHT: 11.0 m
WIDTH: 22.16 m
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS: Potential for typhoon conditions dictated heavy cover protection. Possibility of out-ofcontrol ships dragging anchor over tunnel or even sinking. Provision made for 1000 PSF allowed for this loading of sunken ship.
FABRICATION METHOD: Shipyard in Hong Kong. Plates curved by rolls were fabricated into cans measuring 10.36 m dia by 3.5 m long. Five cans were placed on a manipulator to allow them to be welded together automatically. The cans were, in turn, welded together to form each element. Controlled sidelaunch was used.
Hong Kong,
Hong Kong
Hong Kong Cross-Harbour Tunnel Co
Consortium headed by Costain International Ltd; other members were Raymond International, Inc and Paul Y Construction Co Ltd
Scott Wilson Kirkpatrick & Partners and Freeman Fox and Partners
Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc for contractor
114m
1,600m
28m
Project construction
1972-04-30
15
Two tubes; two lanes each way
11.0m
22.16m
Ballast concrete in midsection between tubes. No side ballast pockets. Steel shell
protected with concrete covering. Fast-track design in New York; rolling plate in England
and fabrication of elements in Hong Kong. Ventilation building was held down using 100
ton rock anchors to develop a 1.25 safety factor against buoyancy.
protected with concrete covering. Fast-track design in New York; rolling plate in England
and fabrication of elements in Hong Kong. Ventilation building was held down using 100
ton rock anchors to develop a 1.25 safety factor against buoyancy.
Shipyard in Hong Kong. Plates curved by rolls were
fabricated into cans measuring 10.36 m dia by 3.5 m long.
Five cans were placed on a manipulator to allow them to
be welded together automatically. The cans were, in turn,
welded together to form each element. Controlled sidelaunch
was used.
fabricated into cans measuring 10.36 m dia by 3.5 m long.
Five cans were placed on a manipulator to allow them to
be welded together automatically. The cans were, in turn,
welded together to form each element. Controlled sidelaunch
was used.
At dock near the tunnel site
Potential for typhoon conditions dictated heavy cover protection. Possibility of out-ofcontrol
ships dragging anchor over tunnel or even sinking. Provision made for 1000 PSF
allowed for this loading of sunken ship.
ships dragging anchor over tunnel or even sinking. Provision made for 1000 PSF
allowed for this loading of sunken ship.
Catamaran straddling barges.
Tremie concrete joints
Continuous steel shell protected with concrete coating.
Screeded bedding.
1.0 m stone cover over 1.3 m crushed stone filter layer.